\contentsline {part}{The History of Logic}{1}
\contentsline {section}{{A}\ Logic -- patterns of reasoning}{2}
\contentsline {subsection}{{A.1}\ Reductio ad absurdum}{2}
\contentsline {subsection}{{A.2}\ Aristotle}{3}
\contentsline {subsection}{{A.3}\ Other patterns and later developments}{8}
\contentsline {section}{{B}\ Logic -- a language about something}{9}
\contentsline {subsection}{{B.1}\ Early semantic observations and problems}{10}
\contentsline {subsection}{{B.2}\ The Scholastic theory of supposition}{11}
\contentsline {subsection}{{B.3}\ Intension vs. extension}{11}
\contentsline {subsection}{{B.4}\ Modalities}{12}
\contentsline {section}{{C}\ Logic -- a symbolic language}{14}
\contentsline {subsection}{{C.1}\ The {``universally characteristic language''}}{15}
\contentsline {subsection}{{C.2}\ Calculus of reason}{15}
\contentsline {section}{{D}\ 19th and 20th Century -- mathematization of logic}{17}
\contentsline {subsection}{{D.1}\ George Boole}{18}
\contentsline {subsection}{{D.2}\ Gottlob Frege}{22}
\contentsline {subsection}{{D.3}\ Set theory}{25}
\contentsline {subsection}{{D.4}\ 20th century logic}{27}
\contentsline {section}{{E}\ Modern Symbolic Logic}{30}
\contentsline {subsection}{{E.1}\ Formal logical systems: syntax.}{31}
\contentsline {subsection}{{E.2}\ Formal semantics}{34}
\contentsline {subsection}{{E.3}\ Computability and Decidability}{38}
\contentsline {section}{{F}\ Summary}{42}
\contentsline {section}{The Greek alphabet}{43}