+-------------------+
                           |   F E N C I N G   |
                           +-------------------+

This is Part II of the rec.sport.fencing Frequently Asked Questions
list.  If you don't have part I, check the UseNet newsgroups
rec.sport.fencing, rec.answers, or news.answers.  Otherwise, consult
section 2.7 for information on finding archived copies of this
document. 
 
PART II:  REFERENCES

v3.03 *** Last Revised 1994-Aug-10
 
The following information is included in this document:
 
2.1 Fencing organizations
2.2 Equipment suppliers & outfitters
2.3 Fencing Books
2.4 Fencing Films
2.5 Fencing Videos
2.6 Fencing Software
2.7 Fencing Online						*** revised
2.8 Glossary of terms
 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
2.1 Fencing Organizations
 
    Federation Internationale d'Escrime
    32, Rue La Boetie
    75008 Paris, France
 
    Amateur Fencing Association (Britain)
    1 Barons Gate
    33-35 Rothschild Road
    London W4 5HT
    Tel: 081 742-3032
 
    Canadian Fencing Federation
    1600 Prom. James Naismith Drive
    Gloucester, ON   K1B 5N4
    TEL: (613) 748-5633
    FAX: (613) 748-5742
    BBS: (613) 748-5881

    Norges Fekteforbund (Norway)
    Hauger skolevei 1, 
    13351 RUD, Norway
    TEL: +47 22 87 46 00

    United States Fencing Association
    One Olympic Plaza 
    Colorado Springs, CO 80909-5774
    TEL: (719) 578-4511
    FAX: (719) 632-5737
 
    Contact your national fencing body to get the addresses and phone
    numbers of your local/provincial/divisional fencing associations.
 
2.2 Equipment suppliers & outfitters
 
    Many of the following businesses will mail you a catalogue if
    requested.  This FAQ does not endorse any of these companies.
 
    AUSTRALIA:
 
    Aladdin Sports			 Fentec Sports 
    46 Hosken Street			 48 Clara St
    North Balwyn 3104			 Camp Hill QLD 4158
    TEL: +61 3 479-1280			 TEL: (07) 395 3852
    TEL: +61 3 479-1144
    FAX: +61 3 816-3357
    EMAIL: garwoli@latcs1.lat.oz.au
 
    CANADA:
 
    Fencing Equipment of Canada		 Allstar (Herb Obst Agency)   
    2407 Bayview Place            	 CP 788 Succursdale NDG       
    Calgary, Alberta T2V 0L6      	 Montreal, Quebec H4A 3S2     
    TEL: (403) 281-1384           	 TEL: (514) 482-2140          
    FAX: (403) 281-0043           	 FAX: (514) 485-9283          
                              		 Agents:                      
    Prieur-PBT                    	 Halifax: Barbara Daniel      
    Vijay Prasad                  	          (902) 457-9228      
    383 Tamarack Dr.              	 Winnipeg: Milton Himsl       
    Waterloo, Ontario N2L 4G7     	           (204) 284-4138     
    TEL: (519) 885-6496           	 Ottawa: Ron Millette         
    FAX: (519) 888-6197           	         (613) 235-2226       
                              		 Saskatoon: Dennis Duncan     
    Riposte PBT                   	            (306) 664-8527    
    Tibor & Victor Abraham        	 Vancouver: Zbig Pietrusinski 
    113 Iona Ave.                 	            (604) 984-2157    
    Hamilton, Ontario L8S 2L8     
    TEL: (905) 572-7157           
    FAX: (905) 528-8894           

    BRITAIN:
 
    Blades                               Leon Paul           
    35 Edinburgh Drive                   14 New North Street 
    Staines, Middlesex TW18 1PJ          London WC1N 3PW     
    TEL: 0784 255-522                    TEL: 071 405-3832    
    FAX: 0784 245-942                    FAX: 071 405-3834
 
    FRANCE:
 
    Prieur                               Soudet
    15, rue de la Banque                 ??? Boulevard Voltaire ???
    75002 Paris                          75002 Paris
    France                               France
 
    GERMANY:

    Uhlmann Fecht-Sport                  Allstar Fecht-Center 
    Uhlandstrasse 12                     Carl-Zeiss Strasse 61
    88471 Laupheim                       72700 Reutlingen    
    Deutschland                          Deutschland          

    Fecht-Sport H.Lieffertz
    Eibenweg 3
    D-50767 Cologne
    Deutschland
    TEL/FAX: +49 221 795254
    EMAIL: Sjoerd@anomalie.gun.de

    USA:
 
    Triplette Competiton Arms            Blade Fencing Equipment, Inc.     
    162 W. Pine St.                      212 West 15th St.                 
    Mt Airy, NC 27030                    NY, NY 10011                      
    TEL: (910) 786-5294                  TEL: (212) 620-0114            
                                         FAX: (212) 620-0116            
    George Santelli, Inc.
    465 South Dean St.                   American Fencers Supply           
    Englewood, NJ 07631                  1180 Folsom St.                   
    TEL: (201) 871-3105                  San Francisco, CA 94103           
                                         TEL: (415) 863-7911
    Colonial Distributing                                                  
       Fencing Equipment                 Uhlmann International             
    PO Box 636                           Wolf Finck, Pres. USA Headquarters
    Cedarburg, Wisconsin 53012           330 N. Fayette Drive              
    TEL: (414) 377-9166                  Fayetteville, GA 30214            
    FAX: (414) 377-9166                  TEL: (404) 461-3809
 
    The Fencing Post                     Zivkovic Modern Fencing Equipment
    2543 Monticello Way                  77 Arnold Road
    Santa Clara, CA 95051                Wellesley Hills, MA 02181
    TEL: (408) 247-3604
 
    Cheris Fencing Supply
    5818 East Colfax Avenue
    Denver, CO  80220
    TEL: (303) 321-8657
         1-800-433-6232
    Fax: (303) 321-8696
 
    SCORING MACHINES ONLY:
 
    Commodore Systems                    Fencing Technologies             
    (Saber 3-weapon box)                 P.O. Box 16181                   
    P.O. Box 22992                       Minneapolis, MN, 55416                
    Nashville, TN 37202                  TEL/FAX: (612) 926-7955               
    TEL: 1-800-627-4903                  EMAIL: richard-marciano@uiowa.edu     
         (615) 329-9398                       
    FAX: (615) 329-0640
    EMAIL: howardef@macpost.vanderbilt.edu
 
2.3 Fencing Books
 
    This list has been compiled from suggestions by rec.sport.fencing
    readers, and is far from complete.
 
    Alaux, Modern Fencing (Charles Scribner, ?)
    Anderson, All About Fencing (Arco, 1970)
    Angelo, The School of Fencing (Land's End Press, 1971)
    Beke & Polgar, The Methodology of Sabre Fencing (Corvina Press, 1963)
    Bowers, Foil Fencing 7th Ed. (Brown & Benchmark, 1993)
    Campos, The Art of Fencing (?, ?, ISBN 0-533-07581-5)
    Castello, The Theory and Practice of Fencing (Charles Scribner, 1933)
    Castello, Fencing (Ronald Press, 1962)
    Castle, The Schools and Masters of Fence (Arms & Armour Press, 1969)
    Crosnier, Fencing with the Foil (Faber & Faber, 1951)
    Curry, The Fencing Book (?, 1984)
    FIE, Rules of Competition (AFA, CFF, USFA, etc., every year)
    de Beaumont, Fencing: Ancient Art and Modern Sport (?, ?)
    Garret, Kaidanov, & Pezza, Foil, Sabre, and Epee Fencing (Penn State, 1994)
    Gaugler, Fencing Everyone (Hunter, 1987)
    Hutton, The Sword and the Centuries (Charles E. Tuttle, 1980)
    Lukovich, Electric Foil Fencing (Corvina Press, 1971)
    Lukovich, Fencing (Corvina Press, 1986)
    Morton, A-Z of Fencing (Antler, 1988?)
    Nadi, On Fencing (G.P. Putnam, 1943)
    Palffy-Alpar, Sword and Masque (FA Davis, 1967)
    Pitman, Fencing, Techniques of Foil, Epee, and Sabre (Crowood, 1988)
    Manley, Compleate Fencing (Doubleday, 198?)
    Selberg, Foil (Addison-Wesley, 1976)
    Selberg, Revised Foil (Spotted Dog Press, 1993?)
 
2.4 Fencing Films
 
    The following films involve some amount of swordfighting or
    swashbuckling.  They are rated on a four-star system, which is a
    general critics' opinion of the film as a whole, not an indicator of
    the quality or quantity of the film's fencing.  Major actors and
    occasionally the director (denoted by a '!') are named.  Films with
    2 stars or less have been omitted, as have recent films that have not
    yet been widely released or reviewed.
 
    The Adventures of Don Juan (1949, Errol Flynn, Raymond Burr, ***)
    The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938, Errol Flynn, Basil Rathbone, ****)
    Against All Flags (1952, Errol Flynn, Anthony Quinn, **1/2)
    Barry Lyndon (1975, Ryan O'Neal, Patrick Magee, !Stanley Kubrick, ***1/2)
    Black Arrow (1985, Oliver Reed, **1/2)
    Black Pirate (1926, Douglas Fairbanks, ***1/2)
    Black Swan (1942, Tyrone Power, Anthony Quinn, ***1/2)
    Blind Fury (1990, Rutger Hauer, **1/2)
    Bob Roberts (1992, Tim Robbins, ***1/2)
    Captain Blood (1935, Errol Flynn, Basil Rathbone, ***1/2)
    The Challenge (1982, Toshiro Mifune, Scott Glenn, **1/2)
    The Charge of the Light Brigade (1936, Errol Flynn, David Niven, ****)
    Conan the Barbarian (1982, Arnold Scharzenegger, James Earl Jones, **1/2)
    The Corsican Brothers (1941, Douglas Fairbanks Jr, **1/2)
    The Count of Monte Cristo (1934, Robert Donat, ***)
    The Count of Monte Cristo (1975, Richard Chamberlain, Tony Curtis,***)
    The Court Jester (1956, Danny Kaye, Basil Rathbone, **1/2)
    Crossed Swords (1978, Raquel Welch, Charlton Heston, **1/2)
    Cyrano de Bergerac (1950, Jose Ferrer, ***1/2)
    Cyrano de Bergerac (1990, Gerard Depardieu, ****)
    Dangerous Liaisons (1988, John Malkovich, Glenn Close, ***1/2)
    The Duellists (1978, Harvey Keitel, Keith Carradine, !Ridley Scott, ***)
    El Cid (1961, Charlton Heston, Sophia Loren, ***)
    The Empire Strikes Back (1980, Mark Hamill, Harrison Ford, ****)
    Excalibur (1981, Nicol Williamson, !John Boorman, ***1/2)
    The Flame and the Arrow (1950, Burt Lancaster, Virginia Mayo, ***)
    Flesh and Blood (1985, Rutger Hauer, !Paul Verhoeven, **1/2)
    The Four Musketeers (1975, Richard Chamberlain, Michael York, ***)
    Frenchman's Creek (1944, Basil Rathbone, Joan Fontaine, ***)
    Glory (1989, Matthew Broderick, Denzel Washington, ***1/2)
    Hamlet (1948, !Laurence Olivier, ****)
    Hamlet (1969, Anthony Hopkins, ***1/2)
    Hamlet (1990, Mel Gibson, Glenn Close, !Franco Zeffirelli, ***)
    Henry V (1944, Laurence Olivier, ****)
    Henry V (1989, !Kenneth Branagh, ***1/2)
    Highlander (1986, Chistopher Lambert, Sean Connery, **1/2)
    Ivanhoe (1953, Robert Taylor, Elizabeth Taylor, ***1/2)
    Ivanhoe (1982, James Mason, **1/2)
    Ladyhawke (1985, Rutger Hauer, Michelle Pfeiffer, **1/2)
    Long John Silver (1954, Robert Newton, Kit Taylor, ***)
    Macbeth (1948, Orson Welles, Roddy McDowall, ***)
    Macbeth (1971, Jon Finch, ***1/2)
    The Magic Sword (1962, Basil Rathbone, **1/2)
    The Man in Grey (1946, James Mason, Stewart Granger, ***1/2)
    The Mark of Zorro (1920, Douglas Fairbanks, ***)
    The Mark of Zorro (1940, Basil Rathbone, Tyrone Power, ***1/2)
    Morgan the Pirate (1961, Steve Reeves, **1/2)
    The Prince and the Pauper (1937, Errol Flynn, Claude Rains, ***)
    The Princess Bride (1987, Mandy Patinkin, Cary Elwes, !Rob Reiner, ***)
    The Prisoner of Zenda (1937, Douglas Fairbanks Jr, David Niven, ****)
    The Prisoner of Zenda (1952, Stewart Granger, James Mason, ***)
    The Private Lives of Elizabeth and Essex (1939, Errol Flynn, ***)
    Ran (1985, Tatsuya Nakadai, !Akira Kurosawa, ****)
    The Return of the Jedi (1983, Harrison Ford, Carrie Fisher, ***1/2)
    Robin and Marian (1976, Sean Connery, Audrey Hepburn, ***1/2)
    Romeo and Juliet (1935, Basil Rathbone, Leslie Howard, ***1/2)
    Romeo and Juliet (1954, Laurence Harvey, ***)
    Romeo and Juliet (1968, Michael York, !Franco Zeffirelli, ***1/2)
    Royal Flash (1975, Malcolm McDowell, ***)
    Sanjuro (1962, Toshiro Mifune, !Akira Kurosawa, ***)
    Scaramouche (1952, Stewart Granger, Janet Leigh, ***)
    The Scarlet Pimpernel (1935, Leslie Howard, Merle Oberon, ***1/2)
    The Sea Hawk (1940, Errol Flynn, Claude Rains, ****)
    The Seven Samurai (1954, Toshiro Mifune, !Akira Kurosawa, ****)
    The Seventh Voyage of Sinbad (1958, Kerwin Matthews, ***)
    Shogun (1980, Toshiro Mifune, Richard Chamberlain, **1/2)
    Sinbad the Sailor (1949, Douglas Fairbanks Jr, Maureen O'Hara, ***)
    The Spanish Main (1945, Maureen O'Hara, Paul Heinreid, ***)
    Spartacus (1960, Kirk Douglas, !Stanley Kubrick, ****)
    Star Wars (1977, Harrison Ford, Alec Guinness, ****)
    Sweet Liberty (1986, Alan Alda, Michael Caine, **1/2)
    The Sword of Sherwood Forest (1961, Richard Greene, Peter Cushing, **1/2)
    The Three Musketeers (1935, Walter Abel, **1/2)
    The Three Musketeers (1948, Gene Kelley, Lana Turner, ***)
    The Three Musketeers (1974, Michael York, Raquel Welch, ***)
    The Three Musketeers (1993, Tim Curry, Charlie Sheen, **1/2)
    Throne of Blood (1957, Toshiro Mifune, !Akira Kurosawa, ****)
    Tom Jones (1963, Albert Finney, Suzannah York, ****)
    Under the Red Robe (1937, Raymond Massey, ***)
    The Vikings (1958, Kirk Douglas, Tony Curtis, **1/2)
    The Warriors (1955, Errol Flynn, **1/2)
    Willow (1988, Val Kilmer, !Ron Howard, ***)
    The Yakuza (1975, Robert Mitchum, Takakura Ken, ***)
    Yojimbo (1962, Toshiro Mifune, !Akira Kurosawa, ****)
    Young Sherlock Holmes (1985, Nicholas Rowe, **1/2)
 
2.5 Fencing Videos

    *** this section not yet complete - contributions welcome
 
2.6 Fencing Software

    *** this section not yet complete - contributions welcome

2.7 Fencing Online

    Known cyberspace fencing resources include:
 
    UseNet:
 
        rec.sport.fencing - discussion on all subjects
        rec.martial-arts - some discussion of Eastern styles and history
        rec.org.sca - some discussion of history, SCA heavy and light
            weapons styles, armoury, and weaponsmithy

    WWW:

	http://www.ii.uib.no/~arild/fencing.html
	http://www.metronet.com/1/North-Texas-Free-Net/Recreation-Center/fencing
	http://chico.rice.edu/~gbierner/fencing/fencing.html
	http://www.usu.edu/Org/Other/CSCO/fencing/

    FTP (for archived copies of the fencing FAQs):

	North America: ftp.uu.net             /usenet/news.answers
	               rtfm.mit.edu           various directories
	Europe:        ftp.uni-paderborn.de   /pub/FAQ
	               ftp.Germany.EU.net     /pub/newsarchive/news.answers
	               grasp1.univ-lyon1.fr   /pub/faq
	               ftp.win.tue.nl         /pub/usenet/news.answers
	Asia:          nctuccca.edu.tw        /USENET/FAQ

    Gopher:

	gopher://gopher.metronet.com
               /11/North-Texas-Free-Net/Recreation-Center/fencing/faqs
 
    Prodigy:
 
        Jump: SPORTS BB or Jump: SPORTS PLAY.  Select OTHER or OTHER
        SPORTS and look for subjects beginning with "FENCING".
 
    CompuServe:
 
        GO CIS:GOODHE, and look under "Martial Arts"

    Mailing Lists:

	Iaido:  send to "listserv@uoguelph.ca", with text (and subject)
	"SUBSCRIBE iaido-l your@email.address".
 
    Bulletin Boards:
 
        Canadian Fencing Federation:  (613) 748-5881
 
2.8 Glossary of terms:
 
    Absence of blade:  when the blades are not touching; opposite of 
        engagement.
    Advance:  a movement forward by step, cross, or balestra.
    Aids:  the last three fingers of the sword hand.
    Assault:  friendly combat between two fencers.
    Attack: the initial offensive action made be extending the sword 
        arm and continuously threatening the valid target of the 
        opponent.
    Attack au Fer:  an attack on the opponent's blade, eg. beat,
        froissement, pressure.
    Balestra:  a forward hop or jump, typically followed by an attack
        such as a lunge or fleche.
    Bayonet:  a type of electrical connector for weapons.
    Beat:  an attempt to knock the opponent's blade aside or out of line by
	using one's foible against the opponent's foible.
    Bind:  an action in which one fencer forces the opponent's blade into
        the diagonally opposite line, by taking it with the guard and forte
        of his own blade.
    Black Card:  used to indicate the most serious offences in a fencing
        competition.  The offending fencer is usually expelled from the
        event or tournament.
    Bout:  an assault at which the score is kept.
    Broadsword: a military sword and fencing weapon popular in the 18th-19th
        centuries, similar to a heavy sabre; any straight-bladed, double-
        edged, single-handed cutting sword of the post-medieval period.
    Broken Time:  a sudden change in the tempo of one fencer's actions, used
        to fool the opponent into responding at the wrong time.
    Change of Engagement:  engagement of the opponent's blade in the 
        opposite line.
    Compound:  also composed; an attack or riposte incorporating one or
        more feints to the opposite line that the action finishes in.
    Conversation:  the back-and-forth play of the blades in a fencing match,
        composed of phrases (phrases d'armes) punctuated by gaps of no
        blade action.
    Counter-attack:  an attack made against the right-of-way, or in
        response to the opponent's attack.
    Counter-parry:  a parry made in the opposite line to the attack; ie.
        the defender first comes around to the opposite side of the
        opponent's blade.
    Counter-riposte:  an attack that follows a parry of the opponent's
        riposte.
    Counter-time: an attack that responds to the opponent's counter-attack,
	typically a riposte following the parry of the counter-attack.
    Corps-a-corps: lit. "body-to-body"; physical contact between the
        two fencers during a bout, illegal in foil and sabre.
    Coule': also graze, glise', or glissade; an attack or feint that slides
        along the opponent's blade.
    Coup lance': a launched hit; an attack that starts before a
	stop in play but lands after.
    Coupe': also cut-over; an attack or deception that passes around the
	opponent's tip.
    Croise: also semi-bind; an action in which one fencer forces the
        opponent's blade into the high or low line on the same side, by
        taking it with the guard and forte of his own blade.
    Cross:  an advance or retreat by crossing one leg over the other;
	also passe' avant (forward cross), passe' arriere (backwards cross).
    Cut:  an attack made with a chopping motion of the blade, landing with
        the edge or point (see Flick).
    Deception:  avoidance of an attempt to engage the blades; see
	disengage, coupe'
    Derobement:  avoidance of an attempt to take the blade.
    Direct: an attack or riposte that finishes in the same line in which it
        was formed, with no feints out of that line.
    Disengage:  a circular movement of the blade that avoids the
        opponent's parry.
    Displacement:  moving the target to avoid an attack;  dodging.
    Double:  in epee, two attacks that arrive within 40-50 ms of each 
        other. 
    Double':  an attack or riposte that describes a complete circle
        around the opponent's blade, and finishes in the opposite line.
    Dry:  fencing without electric scoring aids.
    Engagement:  when the blades are in contact with each other, eg. 
        during a parry, attack au fer, prise de fer, or coule'.
    En Garde:  also On Guard; the fencing position; the stance that
        fencers assume when preparing to fence.
    Envelopment: an engagement that sweeps the opponent's blade
	through a full circle.
    Epee:  a fencing weapon with triangular cross-section blade and a large
        bell guard;  also a light duelling sword of similar design, popular
        in the mid-19th century.
    False attack:  an attack that is intended to miss or fall short,
        so as to produce a reaction from the opponent.
    Feint:  attacking into one line with the intention of switching to
        another line before the attack is completed.
    Fencing Time: also temps d'escrime; the time required to complete
        a single, simple fencing action.
    Finta in tempo:  an attack that responds to the opponent's counter-time;
	typically a deception of the counter-time.
    Fleche:  lit. "arrow";  an attack in which the aggressor leaps off his
        leading foot, attempts to make the hit, and then passes the opponent
        at a run.
    Flick:  a cut that lands with the point, often involving some whip of
        the foible of the blade to strike at a concealed target.
    Florentine: a fencing style where a secondary weapon or other instrument
        is used in the opposite hand.
    Foible:  the upper, weak part of the blade.
    Foil: a fencing weapon with rectangular cross-section blade and a small
        bell guard; any sword that has been buttoned to render it less
        dangerous for practice.
    Forte:  the lower, strong part of the blade.
    French Grip: a traditional hilt with a slightly curved grip and a large
        pommel.
    Froissement:  an attack that displaces the opponent's blade by a
        strong grazing action.
    Guard:  the metal cup that protects the hand from being hit.  Foils
        use small bell guards, epees use large bell guards, and sabres
        have a knuckle guard that wraps around the hilt to protect from
        cuts to the hand.
    Hilt:  the handle of a sword, consisting of guard, grip, and pommel.
    Homologated:  certified for use in FIE competitions, eg. 800N clothing
        and maraging blades.
    In Quartata:  an attack made with a quarter turn to the inside,
        concealing the front but exposing the back.
    In Time:  when a stop-hit arrives at least one fencing time before
        the original attack.
    Indirect: an attack or riposte that finishes in the opposite line to
        which it was formed.
    Insistence:  forcing an attack through the parry, using strength.
    Invitation:  a line that is intentionally left open to encourage 
        the opponent to attack.
    Italian Grip:  a traditional hilt with finger rings and crossbar.
    Jury:  the 4 officials who watch for hits in a dry fencing bout.
    Lame':  a metallic vest/jacket used to detect valid touches in foil
        and sabre.
    Line: the main direction of an attack (eg., high/low, inside/outside),
        often equated to the parry that must be made to deflect the attack;
        also point in line.
    Lunge:  an attack made by extending the rear leg and landing on the
        bent front leg.
    Mal-parry:  a parry that fails to prevent the attack from landing.
    Manipulators:  the thumb and index finger of the sword hand.
    Maraging:  a special steel used for making blades;  said to be stronger
        and break more cleanly than conventional steels.
    Match:  the aggregate of bouts between two fencing teams.
    Nine:  parry #9; blade behind the back, pointing down.
    Octave:  parry #8; blade down and to the outside, wrist supinated.
    Opposition:  an attack or counter-attack in the same line as the
        opponent's blade;  a combined parry and riposte.
    Parry:  a block of the attack, made with the forte of one's own blade.
    Passata-sotto:  a lunge made by dropping one hand to the floor.
    Passe':  an attack that passes the target without hitting; also a
	cross-step (see cross).
    Phrase:  a set of related actions and reactions in a fencing conversation.
    Piste:  the linear strip on which a fencing bout is fought; approx.
        2m wide and 14m long.
    Pistol Grip:  a modern, orthopaedic grip, shaped vaguely like a small
        pistol;  varieties are known by names such as Belgian, German,
        Russian, and Visconti.
    Plastron: a partial jacket worn for extra protection; typically a
        half-jacket worn under the main jacket on the weapon-arm side of the
        body.
    Point in Line: also line; an extended arm and blade that threatens
        the opponent.
    Pommel:  a fastener that attaches the grip to the blade.
    Preparation:  the initial phase of an attack, before right-of-way is
        established.
    Presentation:  offering one's blade for engagement by the opponent.
    Pressure: an attempt to push the opponent's blade aside or out of line;
        depending on the opponent's response, the pressure is followed by a
        direct or indirect attack.
    Prime:  parry #1;  blade down and to the inside, wrist pronated.
    Priority:  in sabre, the now-superceded rules that decide which fencer
        will be awarded the touch in the event that they both attack
        simultaneously; also used synonymously with right-of-way.
    Prise de Fer:  also taking the blade; an engagement of the blades
        that attempts to control the opponent's weapon.  See: bind,
        croise, envelopment, opposition.
    Quarte:  parry #4;  blade up and to the inside, wrist supinated.
    Quinte:  parry #5;  blade up and to the inside, wrist pronated.
        In sabre, the blade is held above the head to protect from head
        cuts.
    Rapier:  a long, double-edged thrusting sword popular in the 16th-17th
        centuries.
    Red Card:  used to indicate repeated minor rule infractions or a major 
        rule infraction by one of the fencers;  results in a point being
        given to the other fencer.
    Redoublement: a new action that follows an attack that missed or
        was parried.
    Referee:  also director, president; the mediator of the fencing bout.
    Remise:  immediate replacement of an attack that missed or was
        parried, without withdrawing the arm.
    Reprise:  renewal of an attack that missed or was parried, after a
        return to en-garde.
    Retreat:  step back;  opposite of advance.
    Right-of-way:  rules for awarding the point in the event of a double
        touch in foil or sabre.
    Riposte:  an attack made immediately after a parry of the opponent's
        attack.
    Sabre: a fencing weapon with a flat blade and knuckle guard, used with
        cutting or thrusting actions; a military sword popular in the 18th
        to 20th centuries; any cutting sword used by cavalry.
    Salle:  a fencing hall or club.
    Salute:  with the weapon, a customary acknowledgement of one's 
        opponent and referee at the start (and sometimes end) of the 
        bout.
    Second Intention: a false action used to draw a response from the
        opponent, which will open the opportunity for the intended
        action that follows.
    Seconde:  parry #2;  blade down and to the outside, wrist pronated.
    Septime:  parry #7;  blade down and to the inside, wrist supinated.
    Simple:  an attack or riposte that involves no feints.
    Simultaneous:  in foil and sabre, two attacks for which the
        right-of-way is too close to determine.
    Sixte:  parry #6;  blade up and to the outside, wrist supinated.
    Small Sword: also court sword; a light duelling sword popular in the 18th
        century.
    Stop Hit:  a counter-attack that hits; also a counter-attack whose touch
	is valid by virtue of it's timing.
    Three Prong:  a type of epee body wire/connector;  also an old-fashioned
        tip that would snag clothing, to make it easier to detect hits in the
        pre-electric era.
    Thrust:  an attack made by moving the sword parallel to its length and
        landing with the point.
    Tierce:  parry #3;  blade up and to the outside, wrist pronated.
    Time Hit:  old name for stop hit with opposition.
    Two Prong:  a type of body-wire/connector, used in foil and sabre.
    Whip-over:  in sabre, a touch that results from the foible of the blade
        whipping over the opponent's guard or blade when parried.
    Whites:  fencing clothing.
    Yellow Card:  also advertissement, warning;  used to indicate a minor
        rule infraction by one of the fencers.
 
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:
 
Author: Morgan Burke (morgan@sitka.triumf.ca)
Contributors: special thanks to Suman Palit, Guy Smith, Greg Dilworth,
	Kevin Taylor, Eric Anderson, Blaine Price, Steve Hick, Kim
	Moser, David Glasser, Arild Dyrseth, David Airey, Hagen Lieffertz,
 
(C) 1993, 1994 Morgan Burke
Permission is granted to copy and distribute all or part of this document
for non-profit purposes.
 
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